The official definition of status epilepticus has evolved over time, but the term generally refers to a prolonged seizure that may not stop on its own without intervention. The most recent definition presented by the International League Against Epilepsy identifies generalized convulsive (tonic-clonic) status epilepticus as a seizure lasting longer than five minutes, with an increased risk of brain injury if the seizure continues for 30 minutes or longer.
For other seizure types, such as focal or absence seizures, these time points may be more prolonged. The majority of seizures in individuals with TSC are short and terminate on their own in less than two to three minutes. However, if status epilepticus occurs, it is a medical emergency that may result in severe consequences if not treated rapidly.